Why Real Time Captioning?

"Sometimes referred to as oral deaf, they are not signing or "Big D" Deaf. They speak English, not American Sign Language because they’ve lost hearing late in life or, if the loss occurred in childhood, they’ve had speech training and wear hearing aids or a cochlear implant

Oral deafness is "the invisible disability."  (Source:  http://www.theopencaptioners.com/faqs.php)

How do you make it Inclusive to all those who are deaf and hard of hearing?

"However, in order to serve ALL deaf, hard of hearing, 

the hearing impaired or people with hearing loss 

(whichever terms you choose), all of these accessible 

solutions need to be provided, and the Deaf and 

hearing impaired should always be placed down front 

where they can use their eyes to see to hear and the 

audio amplifiers to be picked up by their assistive 

devices. Captions should be on the wall or a screen for

 those who need to read what is being said." 

 (Source:  http://limpingchicken.com/2014/01/16/deaf-discrimination-to-deaf/)

"What does it mean for communication to be “effective”? Simply put, “effective communication” means that whatever is written or spoken must be as clear and understandable to people with disabilities as it is for people who do not have disabilities."

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm)

Effective communication:   http://www.dartmouth.edu/~accessibility/effcomm/index.html

"Accessible meeting space 

allows

 everyone to participate." 

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/business/accessiblemtg.htm

                            Assistive Listening Devices

 “Like any technology, it works well for some. For others that might have more severe or profound hearing loss, it wouldn't be as beneficial as a captioning type of a system,” she said.”  (Source: http://triblive.com/neighborhoods/alleghenyneighborhoods/alleghenyneighborhoodsmore/5382340-74/hearing-system-church#axzz2rk7enkWi -byTory N. Parrish )

"Assistive listening devices, presently made available under ADA regulations, do not serve the significant portion of the population who rely on visual translations of sounds due to more severe hearing losses.”  (Source: http://acsbill.wordpress.com/page/3/-by Bill Graham)

 "So many assistive device systems for the hard-of-hearing don't help those of us with severe losses and never seem to dependably work on a regular basis. ” (Source:  http://www.ncra.org/Membership/content.cfm?ItemNumber=9129&navItemNumber=11457 - By Pat Gardiner)

“ Many people who are Deaf or hard of hearing grew up hearing or were educated in an “oral tradition”, and do not know sign language. Not all Deaf or hard of hearing people find assistive listening devices to be effective. For these individuals, captioning may provide an effective way of communication – seeing what is said. ”

(Source: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=111&ved=0CBwQFjAAOG4&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingcounty.gov%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fexec%2Fcivilrights%2Fdocuments%2FCARTpublic.ashx&ei=nPHeU6--NsqSyATziYLoCA&usg=AFQjCNH_JSGqXKfTQDwLIPVD1GEAuiL6Dw&bvm=bv.72197243,d.aWw

"Technically, my loss is somewhere on the moderate to severe scale. With lip-reading, hearing aids, subtitles, some patience and a few repetitions, I can mostly get by. Just. Induction loops {Audio loops} don’t seem to be much help for my kind of hearing loss."  (Source: http://www.hearingtimes.co.uk/Community/1317/Does%20being%20not%20deaf%20enough%20give%20the%20worst%20of%20both%20worlds)

“I know that assisted listening devices have helped a lot of people enjoy the theater experience, but they don’t work for everyone,” Grasso said.  Grasso saw “Billy Elliot: the musical” last year with her mother, who is also hard of hearing.  Grasso noted, “We used the assisted listening devices, but while the sound was louder, the dialogue was still muffled and slightly delayed.” 

 (Source:  https://broadwaydancecenter.wordpress.com/2012/05/21/hard-times-on-broadway-for-the-hard-of-hearing/)

How do you make it Inclusive to all those who are deaf and hard of hearing?

"However, in order to serve ALL deaf, hard of hearing, 

the hearing impaired or people with hearing loss 

(whichever terms you choose), all of these accessible 

solutions need to be provided, and the Deaf and 

hearing impaired should always be placed down front 

where they can use their eyes to see to hear and the 

audio amplifiers to be picked up by their assistive 

devices. Captions should be on the wall or a screen for

 those who need to read what is being said." 

 (Source:  http://limpingchicken.com/2014/01/16/deaf-discrimination-to-deaf/)

"What does it mean for communication to be “effective”? Simply put, “effective communication” means that whatever is written or spoken must be as clear and understandable to people with disabilities as it is for people who do not have disabilities."

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm)

Examples of Effective communication:   http://www.dartmouth.edu/~accessibility/effcomm/index.html

"Accessible meeting space allows

 everyone to participate." 

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/business/accessiblemtg.htm

        Lip Reading and Older Adults

The lip reading test:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNQ38pmLbEs

       Lip reading and age:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119632/

        "younger adults consistently outperform older adults on lip reading tasks."

Lip reading, working memory, processing speed,  and comprehension of what is being said:  http://blog.starkeypro.com/does-lip-reading-take-the-effort-out-of-speech-understanding/

"Only a small percentage of speech is visible to a speechreader. About 70% of speech cannot be seen on the lips. Try this: Make the sound of “pah.” Now make the sound for “bah.” If you have good hearing, you can hear the difference. But feel your lips as you make the two sounds, and look in a mirror. Relying only on what can be seen, there is no difference in how the “pa” and the “ba” sounds are formed on the lips. This is why even the best speechreader, in the best of situations, can only see about 30% of speech." 

"The assistive listening devices may enhance the residual hearing, but the devices do not make the deaf person hearing.   Also, it is an erroneous assumption that those who learn speech-reading or lip-reading are proficient in literacy skills.  Almost 2/3 of the 42 sounds of English are either invisible or look like some other sounds formed on the lips (Hardy, 1970)"

(Source:  http://www.michdhh.org/assistive_devices/speechreading.html)

How do you make it Inclusive to all those who are deaf and hard of hearing?

"However, in order to serve ALL deaf, hard of hearing, 

the hearing impaired or people with hearing loss 

(whichever terms you choose), all of these accessible 

solutions need to be provided, and the Deaf and 

hearing impaired should always be placed down front 

where they can use their eyes to see to hear and the 

audio amplifiers to be picked up by their assistive 

devices. Captions should be on the wall or a screen for

 those who need to read what is being said." 

 (Source:  http://limpingchicken.com/2014/01/16/deaf-discrimination-to-deaf/)

"What does it mean for communication to be “effective”? Simply put, “effective communication” means that whatever is written or spoken must be as clear and understandable to people with disabilities as it is for people who do not have disabilities."

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm)

Examples of Effective communication:   http://www.dartmouth.edu/~accessibility/effcomm/index.html

"Accessible meeting space allows

 everyone to participate." 

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/business/accessiblemtg.htm

                 Why Caption (CART) in Churches?
                         aka real time 'live' captioning like CC on TV



"CART is an acronym for Communication Access Realtime Translation. There are 28 million* people in the United States with hearing loss and only 500,000 are able to communicate with sign language. Persons who are oral deaf, late-deafened, or hard of hearing and do not know sign language and/or have no one to communicate with in sign language must utilize other methods, such as lip-reading, assistive listening devices, or CART. " 

(Source: http://www.collinsrealtime.net/cart.php) * note: now 48 million and counting and will double by 2030

"The increasing demands of real time captioning and broadcast captioning is driven by two forces {Baby  Boomers and FCC}":   See:   http://www.dcmp.org/caai/nadh78.pdf

"The majority of persons with hearing loss do not know sign language and communicate utilizing assistive listening devices, Lip reading and CART (captioning).” (Source:  http://www.texascaption.com/remote_cart)

This is an interesting article how churches could provide better access for the deaf and hard of hearing:  

Losing My Religion? : http://origin.misc.pagesuite.com/pdfdownload/7c11713b-7af4-45b3-86b6-2026d9ce54e4.pdf


NOT ALL CAN HEAR IN CHURCH: http://www.catholicnews-tt.net/v2005/archives/nov/sun06/letters.htm

"Remote services are more economical as the minimum booking is only one hour. More people can have more access, as all you need is internet access and sound. "  
(Source: http://deafunity.org/article-interview/tina-lannin-founder-121-captions/)

"It is used by speakers, presenters, organizations or institutions concerned with ensuring they provide accessibility to their material to the widest audience and those that use captioning service to understand and participate in meetings and lectures." 

(Source:  http://alacarteconnection.com/how-works/)

"Captioning affects a large part of the US population – whether the deaf, hard of hearing, or those learning English. Within the subset represented by a church’s congregation, traditionally a sizeable number of people are older, and may appreciate the effort shown by the church to caption. Others may wonder why a program is not captioned – why they are excluded from understanding." 
 (Source:  http://tfwm.com/captions-where-do-we-go-from-hear/)

"CART {real-time captioning} is usually used by people with hearing loss who use spoken language as a primary mode of  communication.”  
(Source: http://www.hearingloss.og/content/captioning)

"People who learn English as a second language often understand English text better than speech". (Source:  http://www.captionaccess.com/faq/)

"Although many churches use sign language to convey a sermon to the deaf, others are using technology to translate each word so that it appears simultaneously on the big screen. "(Source  http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2001-06-16/lifestyle/0106150471_1_schick-fellowship-bible-church-born-deaf)

"We want everybody who comes to participate fully. Offering real-time captioning is another attempt at trying to make people feel as comfortable as they can and as at home as they can." - See more at: http://www.northjersey.com/news/the-high-holy-days-a-time-to-reflect-1.926235#sthash.EjgM9pt8.dpuf

"Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) has quickly become one of the most widely used technology services for providing instant transcription of the spoken word into text form. ": http://www.alsglobal.net/CART-translation.php

"What does it mean for communication to be “effective”? Simply put, “effective communication” means that whatever is written or spoken must be as clear and understandable to people with disabilities as it is for people who do not have disabilities."

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm)

Examples of Effective communication:   http://www.dartmouth.edu/~accessibility/effcomm/index.html

"The importance for people with any 

disability to interact 

in a standard setting rather than do it 

differently is 

critical," (Source: http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/real-time-captions-helping-deaf-kids-realise-potential/story-e6freuzi-1226453656874 -ROSEMARIE LENTINI)

"Accessible meeting space allows

 everyone to participate." 

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/business/accessiblemtg.htm

See CART demo at 

https://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play;_ylt=A0LEVrjZuD1XmJQAx7QPxQt.;_ylu=X3oDMTBsa3ZzMnBvBHNlYwNzYwRjb2xvA2JmMQR2dGlkAw--?p=you+tube+CART+demo+hearing+imparied+deaf&tnr=21&vid=F923C3006974A3B54870F923C3006974A3B54870&l=455&turl=http%3A%2F%2Fts1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOVP.V383d6174ddc8c31d18a57e164bf28169%26pid%3D15.1&sigi=12bla2av0&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dqn4B0gyDosA&sigr=11b5bumfh&tt=b&tit=Communication+Access+Realtime+Translation%3A+CART+Services+...&sigt=11si1vc07&back=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.yahoo.com%2Fyhs%2Fsearch%3Fp%3Dyou%2Btube%2BCART%2Bdemo%2Bhearing%2Bimparied%2Bdeaf%26type%3DYHS_RV_80861031%26param1%3Dij7zzSxCeE_ZFQBITDAHLoFpjG7hkwp_bBEH1rF14ZV6tGRs6wQGPvckGsVV45PY9-0uW7BoWJ0cra-boastR7xVvQ32ocgvtHSx9nKlY3U67Q%252C%252C%26hsimp%3Dyhs-newtab%26hspart%3DLkry%26fr%3Dyhs-Lkry-newtab%26ei%3DUTF-8&sigb=18o6q59dd&hspart=Lkry&hsimp=yhs-newtab