Lip Reading and Older Adults

The lip reading test:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNQ38pmLbEs

       Lip reading and age:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3119632/

        "younger adults consistently outperform older adults on lip reading tasks."

Lip reading, working memory, processing speed,  and comprehension of what is being said:  http://blog.starkeypro.com/does-lip-reading-take-the-effort-out-of-speech-understanding/

"Only a small percentage of speech is visible to a speechreader. About 70% of speech cannot be seen on the lips. Try this: Make the sound of “pah.” Now make the sound for “bah.” If you have good hearing, you can hear the difference. But feel your lips as you make the two sounds, and look in a mirror. Relying only on what can be seen, there is no difference in how the “pa” and the “ba” sounds are formed on the lips. This is why even the best speechreader, in the best of situations, can only see about 30% of speech." 

"The assistive listening devices may enhance the residual hearing, but the devices do not make the deaf person hearing.   Also, it is an erroneous assumption that those who learn speech-reading or lip-reading are proficient in literacy skills.  Almost 2/3 of the 42 sounds of English are either invisible or look like some other sounds formed on the lips (Hardy, 1970)"

(Source:  http://www.michdhh.org/assistive_devices/speechreading.html)

How do you make it Inclusive to all those who are deaf and hard of hearing?

"However, in order to serve ALL deaf, hard of hearing, 

the hearing impaired or people with hearing loss 

(whichever terms you choose), all of these accessible 

solutions need to be provided, and the Deaf and 

hearing impaired should always be placed down front 

where they can use their eyes to see to hear and the 

audio amplifiers to be picked up by their assistive 

devices. Captions should be on the wall or a screen for

 those who need to read what is being said." 

 (Source:  http://limpingchicken.com/2014/01/16/deaf-discrimination-to-deaf/)

"What does it mean for communication to be “effective”? Simply put, “effective communication” means that whatever is written or spoken must be as clear and understandable to people with disabilities as it is for people who do not have disabilities."

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm)

Examples of Effective communication:   http://www.dartmouth.edu/~accessibility/effcomm/index.html

"Accessible meeting space allows

 everyone to participate." 

(Source: http://www.ada.gov/business/accessiblemtg.htm